Dealing with the death of a loved one is never easy, and navigating the legal process that follows can add stress during an already difficult time. In Colorado, probate is the legal process by which a deceased person’s estate is administered, their debts are paid, and their assets are distributed to beneficiaries. Whether you’re an executor, beneficiary, or family member, understanding how probate works in Colorado can help you anticipate the steps involved and your potential responsibilities. This blog post will provide an overview of the probate process in Colorado, outline when probate is necessary, and offer guidance on how to navigate the system effectively.



What is Probate?

Probate is the legal process that occurs after someone dies to ensure their assets are distributed according to their will or, if there is no will, according to state law. The probate process includes validating the will, inventorying the deceased’s assets, paying off debts and taxes, and distributing the remaining assets to the rightful heirs.

While probate is often associated with lengthy court proceedings, not all estates require formal probate. Colorado offers several options depending on the size and complexity of the estate, which can help simplify the process in many cases.

When is Probate Necessary in Colorado?

Probate is not always required in Colorado. Whether an estate must go through probate depends on the types and value of the deceased’s assets. Generally, probate is necessary if:

• The deceased owned real estate solely in their name.
• The deceased’s assets, such as bank accounts or investments, were not held in joint tenancy or designated to transfer on death.
• The deceased had personal property valued at over $74,000 (as of 2023).

If an estate falls below this threshold and does not include real estate, the beneficiaries can often use a Small Estate Affidavit to claim the assets without going through probate.

Types of Probate in Colorado

Colorado has three main types of probate procedures: small estate procedures, informal probate, and formal probate. The type of probate required depends on the estate’s value and whether there are disputes among heirs or creditors.

Small Estate Procedure (Collection by Affidavit)

• The small estate procedure can be used if the value of the deceased’s assets is less than $74,000 and does not include real estate. This process involves filling out a Small Estate Affidavit, which allows the heirs to collect and distribute the assets without opening a probate case in court. It is the simplest and fastest way to handle a small estate.

Informal Probate

• Informal probate is used when there is a valid will and no disputes among heirs or creditors. The process is overseen by a court-appointed Personal Representative (executor), but there is minimal court supervision. Most of the process, such as distributing assets and paying debts, is handled by the Personal Representative, with only basic filings required with the court. Informal probate is less time-consuming and costly than formal probate.

Formal Probate

• Formal probate is required when there are disputes regarding the will’s validity, disagreements among heirs, or if the estate is complex and needs court intervention. The process is supervised by the court, and all major decisions, such as approving the distribution of assets, must be approved by a judge. Formal probate can take much longer and involve more legal fees than informal probate.

Steps in the Colorado Probate Process

While the specific steps in probate can vary depending on the type of probate and the complexity of the estate, the general process in Colorado typically includes the following:

Filing the Probate Petition

• The process begins with filing a Petition for Probate with the appropriate Colorado probate court. The petition is usually filed by the executor named in the will or an interested party if no will exists.

Appointment of the Personal Representative

• The court will appoint a Personal Representative (executor) to manage the estate. If there is a valid will, the person named as executor is typically appointed. If no will exists, the court will appoint someone, usually a family member, to serve as the Personal Representative.

Notice to Heirs and Creditors

• The Personal Representative must notify all potential heirs and creditors of the probate proceeding. This step is essential for providing an opportunity for interested parties to come forward and make claims against the estate.

Inventory and Appraisal of Assets

• The Personal Representative must create an inventory of all the deceased’s assets and have them appraised if necessary. This inventory will include real estate, personal property, financial accounts, investments, and any other assets owned by the deceased.

Paying Debts and Taxes

• Before distributing assets, the Personal Representative must pay off the deceased’s debts and any taxes owed. If the estate does not have enough assets to cover all debts, Colorado law dictates the order in which creditors are paid.

Distribution of Assets

• Once all debts and taxes have been paid, the Personal Representative can distribute the remaining assets to the beneficiaries according to the will or, if no will exists, according to Colorado’s intestacy laws.

Closing the Estate

• After all assets have been distributed and all required filings have been made with the court, the Personal Representative can file a Petition for Final Settlement to close the estate. Once approved, the Personal Representative’s responsibilities are complete.

Challenges and Disputes in Colorado Probate

Unfortunately, probate can sometimes become contentious, especially in cases involving high-value estates or when family members disagree on how assets should be distributed. Some common challenges in Colorado probate include:

• Will Contests
• Heirs or beneficiaries may challenge the validity of a will, claiming it was signed under duress, there was undue influence, or the deceased lacked the capacity to create the will. Will contests can significantly delay the probate process and require formal probate to resolve.
• Executor Misconduct
• If an executor is not fulfilling their duties or is mishandling estate assets, beneficiaries can file a complaint with the court and request the executor’s removal.
• Disputes Among Beneficiaries
• Disputes can arise over specific bequests, how assets are divided, or even the valuation of estate property. Mediation or formal court intervention may be necessary to resolve these disputes.

How a Colorado Probate Attorney Can Help

Navigating the probate process can be overwhelming, particularly when dealing with the emotional aftermath of losing a loved one. An experienced probate attorney can help in several ways:

Guiding You Through the Process

• An attorney can explain the probate process, help you understand your rights and responsibilities, and ensure all legal requirements are met.

Managing Court Filings and Deadlines

• Probate involves numerous legal documents and deadlines. An attorney can handle these tasks, ensuring that everything is filed correctly and on time.

Resolving Disputes

• If disputes arise, an attorney can provide representation in negotiations, mediation, or court hearings to protect your interests and work toward a fair resolution.

Minimizing Costs and Delays

• With the guidance of a skilled attorney, you can often minimize the time and expense associated with probate, helping ensure the process goes as smoothly as possible.

How The McKenzie Law Firm, LLC Can Help

At The McKenzie Law Firm, LLC, we understand the complexities of the probate process and are committed to helping families navigate it with compassion and expertise. Whether you’re an executor needing assistance with your duties or a family member looking to understand your rights, our experienced probate attorneys can provide the support you need.

If you have questions about probate in Colorado or need legal assistance, contact us today to schedule a consultation. We are here to guide you through the process and ensure your loved one’s wishes are honored.